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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Graphic User Interface FAQ — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQ" href="installed.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Python on Windows FAQ" href="windows.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/faq/gui.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/faq/gui.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="installed.html" title="“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQ" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="windows.html" title="Python on Windows FAQ" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Python Frequently Asked Questions</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="graphic-user-interface-faq"> <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Graphic User Interface FAQ</a><a class="headerlink" href="#graphic-user-interface-faq" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="contents topic" id="contents"> <p class="topic-title">Contents</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#graphic-user-interface-faq" id="id1">Graphic User Interface FAQ</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" id="id2">What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tkinter" id="id3">Tkinter</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#wxwidgets" id="id4">wxWidgets</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#qt" id="id5">Qt</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#gtk" id="id6">Gtk+</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#fltk" id="id7">FLTK</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#opengl" id="id8">OpenGL</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" id="id9">What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tkinter-questions" id="id10">Tkinter questions</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications" id="id11">How do I freeze Tkinter applications?</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o" id="id12">Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" id="id13">I can’t get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are several.</p> <div class="section" id="tkinter"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Tkinter</a><a class="headerlink" href="#tkinter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk widget set, called Tkinter. This is probably the easiest to install and use. For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the Tcl/Tk home page at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.tcl.tk">https://www.tcl.tk</a>. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="wxwidgets"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">wxWidgets</a><a class="headerlink" href="#wxwidgets" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>wxWidgets (<a class="reference external" href="https://www.wxwidgets.org">https://www.wxwidgets.org</a>) is a free, portable GUI class library written in C++ that provides a native look and feel on a number of platforms, with Windows, Mac OS X, GTK, X11, all listed as current stable targets. Language bindings are available for a number of languages including Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.</p> <p>wxPython (<a class="reference external" href="http://www.wxpython.org">http://www.wxpython.org</a>) is the Python binding for wxwidgets. While it often lags slightly behind the official wxWidgets releases, it also offers a number of features via pure Python extensions that are not available in other language bindings. There is an active wxPython user and developer community.</p> <p>Both wxWidgets and wxPython are free, open source, software with permissive licences that allow their use in commercial products as well as in freeware or shareware.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="qt"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Qt</a><a class="headerlink" href="#qt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either <a class="reference external" href="https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro">PyQt</a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.qt.io/PySide">PySide</a>) and for KDE (<a class="reference external" href="https://techbase.kde.org/Languages/Python/Using_PyKDE_4">PyKDE4</a>). PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq">Riverbank Computing</a> if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications.</p> <p>Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses are available from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.qt.io/licensing/">The Qt Company</a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="gtk"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Gtk+</a><a class="headerlink" href="#gtk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>PyGtk bindings for the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gtk.org">Gtk+ toolkit</a> have been implemented by James Henstridge; see <<a class="reference external" href="http://www.pygtk.org">http://www.pygtk.org</a>>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="fltk"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">FLTK</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fltk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>Python bindings for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.fltk.org">the FLTK toolkit</a>, a simple yet powerful and mature cross-platform windowing system, are available from <a class="reference external" href="http://pyfltk.sourceforge.net">the PyFLTK project</a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="opengl"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">OpenGL</a><a class="headerlink" href="#opengl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>For OpenGL bindings, see <a class="reference external" href="http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net">PyOpenGL</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>By installing the <a class="reference external" href="https://pythonhosted.org/pyobjc/">PyObjc Objective-C bridge</a>, Python programs can use Mac OS X’s Cocoa libraries.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="windows.html#windows-faq"><span class="std std-ref">Pythonwin</span></a> by Mark Hammond includes an interface to the Microsoft Foundation Classes and a Python programming environment that’s written mostly in Python using the MFC classes.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="tkinter-questions"> <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Tkinter questions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#tkinter-questions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <div class="section" id="how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">How do I freeze Tkinter applications?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries.</p> <p>One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and point to them at run-time using the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCL_LIBRARY</span></code> and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TK_LIBRARY</span></code> environment variables.</p> <p>To get truly stand-alone applications, the Tcl scripts that form the library have to be integrated into the application as well. One tool supporting that is SAM (stand-alone modules), which is part of the Tix distribution (<a class="reference external" href="http://tix.sourceforge.net/">http://tix.sourceforge.net/</a>).</p> <p>Build Tix with SAM enabled, perform the appropriate call to <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tclsam_init()</span></code>, etc. inside Python’s <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Modules/tkappinit.c</span></code>, and link with libtclsam and libtksam (you might include the Tix libraries as well).</p> </div> <div class="section" id="can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don’t even need threads! But you’ll have to restructure your I/O code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XtAddInput()</span></code> call, which allows you to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a file descriptor. See <a class="reference internal" href="../library/tkinter.html#tkinter-file-handlers"><span class="std std-ref">File Handlers</span></a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why"> <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">I can’t get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>An often-heard complaint is that event handlers bound to events with the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bind()</span></code> method don’t get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.</p> <p>The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn’t have “keyboard focus”. Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command. Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for labels; see the takefocus option).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Graphic User Interface FAQ</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python">What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python">What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tkinter-questions">Tkinter questions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="windows.html" title="previous chapter">Python on Windows FAQ</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="installed.html" title="next chapter">“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQ</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/faq/gui.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="installed.html" title="“Why is Python Installed on my Computer?” FAQ" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="windows.html" title="Python on Windows FAQ" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >Python Frequently Asked Questions</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.8.5. </div> </body> </html>