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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>13. File Formats — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="13.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing" href="csv.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="12.5. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files" href="tarfile.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/fileformats.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/fileformats.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="csv.html" title="13.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="tarfile.html" title="12.5. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="file-formats"> <span id="fileformats"></span><h1>13. File Formats<a class="headerlink" href="#file-formats" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The modules described in this chapter parse various miscellaneous file formats that aren’t markup languages or are related to e-mail.</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html">13.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code> — CSV File Reading and Writing</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#module-contents">13.1.1. Module Contents</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#dialects-and-formatting-parameters">13.1.2. Dialects and Formatting Parameters</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#reader-objects">13.1.3. Reader Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#writer-objects">13.1.4. Writer Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#examples">13.1.5. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="configparser.html">13.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConfigParser</span></code> — Configuration file parser</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configparser.html#rawconfigparser-objects">13.2.1. RawConfigParser Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configparser.html#configparser-objects">13.2.2. ConfigParser Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configparser.html#safeconfigparser-objects">13.2.3. SafeConfigParser Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configparser.html#examples">13.2.4. Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="robotparser.html">13.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robotparser</span></code> — Parser for robots.txt</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="netrc.html">13.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netrc</span></code> — netrc file processing</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="netrc.html#netrc-objects">13.4.1. netrc Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xdrlib.html">13.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xdrlib</span></code> — Encode and decode XDR data</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xdrlib.html#packer-objects">13.5.1. Packer Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xdrlib.html#unpacker-objects">13.5.2. Unpacker Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xdrlib.html#exceptions">13.5.3. Exceptions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="plistlib.html">13.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plistlib</span></code> — Generate and parse Mac OS X <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.plist</span></code> files</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="plistlib.html#examples">13.6.1. 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